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Graphing Lab: Valence Electrons

Today we did a graphing lab on valence electrons. The lab is listed below. You do not need to use graphing paper; any paper on which you can draw your own graph will suffice.

Purpose:       To get experience in graphing techniques and identify the number of valence electrons in different groups of the periodic table.

Materials:      Two sheets of graphing paper, pencils, periodic table.

Procedure:  

1.    Complete the table found in the back of this page using the information from your periodic table.

2.    Obtain a sheet of graph paper from your teacher.

3.    Label the x- axis as atomic number.

4.    Label the y- axis as valence electrons

5.    Plot the information on the back of this paper on your graph.

6.    Remember to give your graph a title.

Data Analysis:

1.                 Using your graph, can you come up with a conclusion on the relationship between atomic number and number of valence electrons? Explain your conclusion?

2.                 Group the elements that had the same number of valence electrons. Looking at your periodic table, do you see a pattern? Explain.

3.                 Using your graph what would you predict the number of valence electrons for Potassium and Bromine to be. Support your answers by referring to your graph.

4.                 Why is it important to know the number of valence electrons?

5.                 During a lab Steve is doing a lab using Iron (Fe) and Chlorine (Cl). He realizes that he doesn’t have chlorine available. What other element could he use in its place and get a similar reaction? Support your answer.

Data Table for Graph Activity #2

Element #	Element Symbol	Element Name	Number of electrons	Number of Valence Electrons
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Atoms, Elements, Ions, Isotopes

Today we worked on our workbook assignment (pages 26-28) as most people did not have time to begin last class. Although most people claimed to be finished when I picked up the workbooks to grade them, the majority were not completed!

There will also be a quiz on Ions and Isotopes.

Ions and Isotopes

Today we talked about what happens if you have a different amount of neutrons (isotopes) and a different amount of electrons (ions).

Then, we did a worksheet to distinguish ions from isotopes and be able to identify the amount of each subatomic particle (proton, neutron, electron) in each atom.

1.     Al-27

a.     Protons:

b.     Neutrons:

c.      Electrons:

2.     B-12

a.     Protons:

b.     Neutrons:

c.      Electrons:

3.     Ne

a.     Protons:

b.     Neutrons:

c.      Electrons:

4.     H-1

a.     Protons:

b.     Neutrons:

c.      Electrons:

5.     Be^+2

a.     Protons:

b.     Neutrons:

c.      Electrons:

6.     Li-5

a.     Protons:

b.     Neutrons:

c.      Electrons:

7.     P^-3

a.     Protons:

b.     Neutrons:

c.      Electrons:

8.     Cl^-

a.     Protons:

b.     Neutrons:

c.      Electrons:

9.     B^+3

a.     Protons:

b.     Neutrons:

c.      Electrons:

10.                        O^-2

a.     Protons:

b.     Neutrons:

c.      Electrons:

11.                        Ga-63

a.     Protons:

b.     Neutrons:

c.      Electrons:

12.                        O-17

a.     Protons:

b.     Neutrons:

c.      Electrons:

13.                        N-13

a.     Protons:

b.     Neutrons:

c.      Electrons:

14.                        Li^+

a.     Protons:

b.     Neutrons:

c.      Electrons:

15.                        Na-22

a.     Protons:

b.     Neutrons:

c.      Electrons:

16.                        F^-

a.     Protons:

b.     Neutrons:

c.      Electrons:

The ^ symbol indicates a superscript rather than a dash or hyphen.

In addition to this worksheet, you were to work on pages 26-28 in your workbooks. 

Whether you stayed home in the inclement weather or are braving it today, be safe!

Matter and Atomic Theory

Today we started talking about matter and atomic theory. We filled out a chart for the first twenty elements it should look something like this. 

Name	Chemical Symbol	Number of protons	Number of neutrons	Number of electrons	Atomic   Number	Mass Number	Number of valence electrons	Lewis Dot Diagram
Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminum
Silicon
Phosphorous
Sulfur
Chlorine
Argon
Potassium
Calcium

I've said this a million times and will continue to say it - if you have any questions during the lecture or while we are completing classwork, please ask me!!! If you do not understand one part or even the whole of the assignment please ask me before turning it in.

The vocabulary for this section is as follows:

atom, atomic mass, atomic number, chemical properties, chemical symbol, electron, electron cloud, element, ion, isotope, matter, mass number, neutron, nucleus, physical properties, proton, quark, radioactivity, valence electrons

You can find a copy of the periodic table at http://ptable.com/